Metal Exposure and Alzheimer’s Pathophysiology

Metal Ions in Stroke Pathophysiology

Y.V. Li and J.H. Zhang (eds.), Metal Ion in Stroke, Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9663-3_1, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 Abstract Metal ions are used in biology in many ways and are integrated parts of numerous enzymes and proteins. They function as cofactors in cellular and genetic signaling and, therefore, have important roles in b...

Heavy metal poisoning: clinical presentations and pathophysiology.

Humans have had a long and tumultuous relationship with heavy metals. Their ubiquitous nature and our reliance on them for manufacturing have resulted at times in exposures sufficient to cause systemic toxicity. Their easy acquisition and potent toxicity have also made them popular choices for criminal poisonings. This article examines the clinical manifestation and pathophysiology of poisoning...

The pathophysiology of heat exposure

Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Pathophysiology of Mycotoxin Exposure

INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by a variety of pathogenic fungi. Common mycotoxins of human and veterinary interest are produced by species in the genera Aspergillus, Claviceps, Fusarium, and Penicillium. There are over 100 known species of fungi that produce mycotoxins. Some species of fungi produce single mycotoxins, while others produce multiple toxins. it is impo...

Third pathophysiology of prenatal cocaine exposure.

The pathophysiology of the effects of cocaine on fetal development has been described along 2 major pathways: neurochemical effects and vasoconstrictive effects. Following a summary of these effects, we suggest a 'third pathophysiology' in which altered fetal programming affects the acute and long-term adverse effects of in utero cocaine exposure. We describe how cocaine as a stressor alters th...